My+review+of+lit

Alicia Dettinger Dettinger 1 Wilson pd 8 chem October 1st 2009

The effects of Pollution on Water Evaporation

There is only threee percent of fresh water on the earth and of that, ninty-nine percent of that water is stored in polor ice caps and glaciers. This leaves us humans one percent of fresh water to work with. In a world that consists of over six billion people, means the water needs to be used properly as well as taken care of. Water pollution is one major asspect of human sociaty. Some of these types of pollution are not straight out obvious. As these types of pollutents enter our water they also are entering our atmoshere through out the process of evaporation. Does the type of water pollutant effect the rate of evaporation?

To answer this question the types of pollutants need to be known. To begin a water pollutant is generally something that is found in water and is unwanted there due to a harmful effect that it causes. There are two types of pollutants. These are two types of pollution called point and non-point. Point solution means that the polutant could be pointed to a specific point. For example, a ditch that runs through landfill and is dummping into the river could be a point source pollutant because the exact point could be pointed out. Non-point pollution occars by nature or by humman activitys such as farming and irrigation.

Another important aspect of this project is the water cycle. The water cylce is a ongoing processes that never stops. Evaporation in particualar is part of the atmospere that this project includes however is should be noted that evaporation not only comes form oceans but aslo plants and soil. Water Evaporation is when water turms into a vapor. This happens when all the molecules in water begin to move really quickly which iscaused by heat. In the real world an example would be a lake. On a hot day the molecules in the water are heating up faster so the water in evaporating much quicker. Eventually this water vapor will turn into clouds. After the most imporatant process of evaporation the vapor turns into clouds and then back to earth agian. If the water cylce did not occer then the amount of fresh water on earth would not be a renewable resource but because the water cyle exist this does make it a renewable resource. It is estimated that water evaporates about 3mL per day, give or take the area in which the water is. The water in the tropical ocean will evaporate much more than does the water anywhere else because it is so warm to begin with. This exsperiment will determine if the water is polluted will it still evaporate at that same rate or faster.

In this exsperiment the following types of pollutants will be tested to see if the polluted water evaporates faster: Oil, Pesticides , Fertilizers, and humman waste water. Human waste water includes urine as well as luandry waste. Every trial will begin with using purified water from a bottle then the pollutants will be added. About 80% of the water will be polluted and the other 20% will be fresh. These numbers come from the russia rivers which are 80% contaminated due to chemicals, fertilizeres as well as wastewaters. The same amount of pollutant will be added to the purified water for every trial. Then the water will be placed in a pan and heated up to the tempature of 212 degrees .Once the polluted water has reached 212 degrees it will be kept at that temapature for 20 minutes. The reason for selecting the temapature of 212 degress was because that is the temapature at which water evapotaes most easilest. This is beacause heat which is energy is used to breal the bonds at which hold the water moleclules together. After 20 minutes the water will be remeasered and that number will be subtracted from the orginal amount to see how much of that water evaporated or turned into a gas.

To conduct this exsperiment a glass cylinder will be needed to measure the steady amount of water before and after the exsperiment. Also needed, would be a pan to heat the polluted water as well as a heat source that could be adjusted to keep a constant 100 degrees. To see if the water is 100 degrees a thermometer will be needed. A stove top should serve the perpose.

The effect of water pollution on our earth is huge. Pollution effects hummans drinking water supplies, fishing streams and our wildlife. Polluting the water leads to polluting the atmosphere and the more pollution we allow to happen the more dangerous life on eath will get.

9-8-09 Problem: Does the type of water pollutent effect the amount of water that evaporates?

Hypothisie: If a oil based pollutant is added to water, then the amount of water evaporating will be more than other amounts of water with different pollutants such as pesticides, Fertilizers, and humman waste (luandry water counts as humman waste).

Materials: Large sauce pan, oil, tap water, Fertilizer, pesticides, human waste, thermometer, stove burner/ bunson burner , timer Methods: 1. To begin place a large sause pan on a burner that coresponds to the size of the bottem of the pan. 2. In a graduated cylinder measure 20ml of room tempature tap water. Be sure the water is coming from the same tap source each time. 3. Pour the water into the large sauce pan. 4. Next measure 80ml of the pollutant in a graduated cylinder. 5. Add that pollutant to the fresh water that is already in the pan. 6. Turn the burner on to medium heat. 7. When the water begins to lightly boil reduce the heat to the setting half way betwixt medium and low heat. a. Boiling water is when the water is slightly begins to bubble as molecules release heat. 8.When the water boils set a timer for 20 minutes. 9. When the timer beeps after 20 minutes measure the new amount of water. 10. Subtract that amount of water after boiling from the amount of water+pollutent combination started with. That number is the amount of evaporated water. Record this quantitative data in a data table. 11. Repeat steps 1-10 for each pollutant. Be sure to wash the large sauce pan with cleaning fluid after every trial.