Casey+D

__**REVIEW OF LITERATURE**__

Science far Review of Literature Almost everyone is familiar with the idea of having a dominant hand, but the idea of having a dominant eye may not be so common. Most people are used to using both eyes together at the same time, and don’t give much thought to situations where it may matter if one eye is dominant over the other. This may have consequences for athletes such as basketball players. Many basketball players set up for a foul shot with the ball directly in front of their face, this can block most, if not all, of the eye on the same side of the shooting hand. In this instance players with same side hand-eye dominance may be at a disadvantage. On the other hand, players with crossed hand-eye dominance may be at an advantage whereas the dominant eye is not blocked by the shooting hand. My hypothesis is that if crossed hand-eye dominance is present in the shooter, then a positive effect will result for the amount of foul shots made. For this experiment I will need approximately twenty volunteers, ten male and ten female, to take the eye dominance test and then shoot free throws. I know the basketball coaches of both the boys and girls teams at school to assist in obtaining volunteers with a basketball playing background. I will also need two basketballs, one weighted for male players and another for female players; I also need a basketball net and court for the volunteers to use to shoot the foul shots. Information I need to perform this experiment will be to know the definitions and applications of hand and eye dominance, as well as crossed hand and eye dominance. Hand dominance is the phenomenon that occurs when one hand is preferred over the other for fine motor skills tasks. Eye dominance is the same this only with the yes instead of the hands; it is the tendency to prefer visual input from one eye to the other. Crossed hand-eye dominance is when the dominant eye and the dominant hand are on opposite sides of the body. While testing I will need to have recorded the hand eye dominance for each volunteer (i.e. crossed dominance or same-side dominance) as well as their record for foul shots made and missed for each “mini test”. This will all be recorded in my logbook. For the tests I will conduct I will need five crossed dominant males and five same-side dominant males as well as females. To find those qualified I will use the eye dominance test. The dominant eye test is simply focusing on an object approximately twenty feet away and then putting your hands around the object to form a window, then closing one eye then the other; whichever eye you can still see the object through the window with is the dominant eye. Everyone should already know their dominant hand. After I have the qualified volunteers I will have each one shoot ten foul shots as they naturally would. Then I will have the crossed dominant male and female volunteers shoot using only the dominant hand and dominant eye. Then the same-side dominance volunteers will shoot ten foul shots using only the dominant hand and eye. I will then compare the same-side dominant shooters to the crossed dominant shooters, and each volunteer to their natural record. Male and female records will also be compared.

__Resources __  "What causes hand dominance?" //Wisegeek.com//. Web. Web. 5 Oct. 2009. .

"Dominant eye test." //Usaeyes.com//. Web. Web. 5 Oct. 2009. .

"Eye dominance testing." //Eyespecialists.org//. Web. Web. 5 Oct. 2009. .

"Eye dominance testing." //Eyespecialists.org//. Web. Web. 5 Oct. 2009. .

"Crossed Up." //Sciencebuddies.org//. Web. 5 Oct. 2009. .

Armstrong, Paul. "What is "eye dominance"?" //Madsci.org//. Web. 5 Oct. 2009. .

"Determining your Dominant Eye." //Archeryweb.com//. Web. 5 Oct. 2009. .

"Neuroscience for Kids: One Brain... or Two?" //Faculty.washington.edu/chudler//. Web. 5 Oct. 2009. .

"Right Side/Left Side." //Faculty.washington.edu/chudler//. Web. 5 Oct. 2009. .

"Laterality, Cross-dominance & Ambidexterity." //Dl.id.au//. Web. 5 Oct. 2009. .

__**Materials**__

-Aproximately 20 volunteers (10 males and 10 females)

-Basketball

-Basketball Court

-Hand and eye dominance test records

-Log Book

__**Procedure**__

-Do Backgound research, and collect sources

-Gather Volunteers

-Have each volunteer shoot 10 free throws naturally

-Have each volunteer shoot 10 free throws according to which dominance they possess. (Crossed or Same-Side)

-Gather this data before and during the tests:
 * 1) Name
 * 2) Age
 * 3) Gender
 * 4) Hand dominance
 * 5) Eye dominance
 * 6) Number of years playing basketball
 * 7) Free throw percentage

(12-10-09 - Eliminated steps 2 and 3 from previous procedure and replaced with new step to fit project.)

Age and Gender || Number of Foul Shots Made Naturally (Out of 10) || Foul Shots Made Crossed Dominance (Out of 10) || Foul Shots Made Same Dominance (Out of 10) || Average ||
 * __DATA TABLE__**
 * Volunteer Name
 * Mindy B. (20) || 8 / 10 || n/a || 10 / 10 ||  ||
 * Court T. (14) || 6 / 10 || 7 / 10 || n/a ||  ||
 * Bailey F. (17) || 7 / 10 || 4 / 10 || n/a ||  ||
 * Erica M. (15) || 6 / 10 || n/a || 3 / 10 ||  ||
 * Taylor F. (16) || 6 / 10 || n/a || 6 / 10 ||  ||
 * Court K. (16) || 5 / 10 || n/a || 4 / 10 ||  ||
 * Kasey S. (14) || 8 / 10 || n/a || 4 / 10 ||  ||
 * Jasmine R(15) || 8 / 10 || n/a || 2 /10 ||  ||
 * Kelsey W (15) || 7 / 10 || 4 / 10 || n/a ||  ||
 * Kayla W. (15) || 8 / 10 || 5 / 10 || n/a ||  ||
 * Spencer M (18) || 10 /10 || 6 / 10 || n/a ||  ||
 * Dylan K (16) || 9 / 10 || n.a || 5 / 10 ||  ||
 * Mike T. (16) || 7 / 10 || 7 / 10 || n/a ||  ||
 * Evan E. (17) || 9 / 10 || 8 / 10 || n/a ||  ||
 * Grant W. || 7 / 10 || n/a || 3 / 10 ||  ||
 * Dalton M. (17) || 9 / 10 || 6 / 10 || n/a ||  ||
 * Eric S. (18) || 7 / 10 || 7 / 10 || n/a ||  ||
 * Dimmie (45) || 8 / 10 || 5 / 10 || n/a ||  ||
 * Casey D. (16) || 5 / 10 || 3 / 10 || n/a ||  ||
 * Chuck Z. (34) || 4 /10 || n/a || 2 / 10 ||  ||
 * Girls data collected on 10-28-09
 * Girls data collected on 10-28-09
 * Girls data collected on 10-28-09


 * First 7 boys data collected on 11-10-09


 * Dimmie and Casey data collected on 12-14-09


 * Last data collected on 1-1-10


 * __PICTURES__**

One participant taking the foul shooting portion of the experiment.

Another volunteer shooting foul shots.

Shooting foul shots with crossed dominance